Frank rosenau dissertation

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Marx's metaphorical use of the term "character masks" refers back to carnival masks and the masks used in classical Greek theatre. At issue is the social form in which a practice is acted out. A sophisticated academic language for talking about the sociology of roles did not exist in the midth century.

Character mask - Wikipedia

Marx therefore borrowed from theatre and literature to express his idea. The nearest equivalent term in modern English for Marx's "character masks" is social masks. However, such a translation is not entirely satisfactory, for several reasons: A "social mask" is normally understood only as the mask of an individual, while Marx's concept of character masks has been applied by Marxists and non-Marxists to persons and politicians, [10] groups and social classesmass mediasocial movements and political partiessocial institutionsorganizations and functions, governments, symbolic expressions, historical eras, and dramatic, literary or theatrical contexts.

In each case, the suggestion is that matters present themselves other than they really are. The category of "social masks" is much more general and inclusive.

With Marx's character masks, it is understood that they are bound up with a specific type of society at a specific historical time, and with a specific theory of how the social relations in that society function. By contrast, the general concept of "social masks" assumes no specific theory, specific society or specific historical time; social masks of whatever form can be assumed to have existed forever and a day, and thus are treated as a more or less permanent part of the human condition.

People can also mask their behavior, or mask a situation, without being aware that they are doing so.

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What distinguishes false-consciousness from error or falsehood, and what motivates a particular kind of critique, of denunciation, is the possibility of signifying another thing than one believes was signified, that is, the possibility of the masked consciousness.

These two words, "false consciousness," pertain usually to Marx The task of hermeneutics It refers rather to an absence of awareness of what is really behind the ideas being worked with, how they have originated, or what the real role or effect of the ideas is.

The first result of that is, that the ideologists believe themselves to be performing certain intellectual operations with regard to an issue, which, in reality, have quite a different significance than what they imagine.

The second result is that their intellectual creations can then function as a mask for what is really at stake, precisely because the issue is portrayed in a one-sided or distorted way — without the ideologists being aware of how that works.

The ideologists are aware and unaware at the same time. The problem, says Engels, is that they exaggerate the power of ideas, even to the point where ideas seem to be the cause of all that happens.

This occurs especially if the intellectual productions occur at quite some distance from the practical context to which they properly refer, or if they concern specialized, highly abstract ideas which cannot easily be verified [15] Levels of masking[ edit ] Historical[ edit ] The "character masks of an era" refer, according to Marx and Engels, to its main symbolic expressions of self-justification or apologistthe function of which is to disguise, embellish or mystify social contradictions "the bits that do not fit".

A purported "mystical truth" in this context is a meaning which cannot be definitely proved, because it results from an abstract procedure or cognition which is not logical, and cannot be tested scientifically, only subjectively experienced. A dominant power may legitimate itself by promoting beliefs and values congenial to it; naturalizing and universalizing such beliefs so as to render them self-evident and apparently inevitable; denigrating ideas which might challenge it; excluding rival forms of thought, perhaps by some unspoken but systematic logic; and obscuring social reality in ways convenient to itself.

Buyers and sellers compete with other buyers and sellers. Businesses cannot practically do so without confidentiality and secrecy.

Workers compete for job opportunities and access to resources. Capitalists and workers compete for their share of the new wealth that is produced, and nations compete with other nations. The masks are therefore not optional, but necessary, and the more one is able to know about others, the more subtle, ingenious and sophisticated the masks become.

One of the centerpieces of Marx's critique of political economy is that the juridical labour contract between the worker and his capitalist employer obscures the true economic relationship, which is according to Marx that the workers do not sell their labor, but their labor powermaking possible a profitable difference between what they are paid and the new value they create for the owners of capital a form of economic exploitation.

Thus, the very foundation of capitalist wealth creation involves — as Marx says explicitly — a "mask". This is discovered, only when one probes the total context in which they occur.Home New 4th edition Endnotes: Preface Chap 2 Chap 3 Chap 4 Chap 5 Chap 6 Chap 7 Chap 8 Chap 9.

New Features, Flow, and Updated References Chapter 1 of new 4th Edition, New Title: Health Program Planning: An Educational and Ecological Approach New Publisher: McGraw-Hill. Table of Contents: Chapter 1 new references, links and endnotes The Precede-Proceed Model. ETHNO-NATIONALISTIC TERRORISM "A nation's honor is dearer than a nation's comfort." (Woodrow Wilson) Nationalist terrorism is "traditional" terrorism, also called revolutionary or ideological terrorism.

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In Marxist philosophy, a character mask (German: Charaktermaske) is a prescribed social role that serves to conceal the contradictions of a social relation or initiativeblog.com term was used by Karl Marx in various published writings from the s to the s, and also by Friedrich initiativeblog.com is related to the classical Greek concepts of mimesis (imitative representation using analogies) and.